Encyclopedias

• What is Islamophobia?

  And why it should not be seen as an isolated phenomenon.

• What are Failed States?

  Because it is necessary to know such a complex concept before using it without meaning.

• What is the carbon footprint?

  Learn what is at risk and how to calculate your footprint to reduce your impact on the planet.

• What are the 10 most visited countries in the world?

  During the last three years, the largest tourist flows are concentrated in a list of ten countries.

• What and what are the main economic blocks in the world?

  There are different types of economic blocks that are defined based on the level of economic integration, such as the monetary union, the customs union, the economic union, etc.

• How many countries are in the world 2024?

  The usual thing would be to find 195 as a response, the sum of the 193 UN Member States) and 2 observer States: the Holy See and the State of Palestine.

• What are the 10 most violent cities in the world?

  One of the ways we can measure violence is through censuses and reports.

• "What is the Monroe Doctrine?"

  The Doctrine is based on opposition to colonialism and states that any European intervention in the region would be considered an act of aggression against the United States

• What is glasnost?

  The initiative was aimed at opening up the outdated regime to new systems and practices in the hope that it would revitalize the decrepit communist state.

• What is the Truman Doctrine?

  The Truman Doctrine was a containment policy of the United States. He provided economic and military support to contain the spread of communism.

• What is Local Diplomacy?

  The participation of cities in the international arena is increasingly relevant, so knowing the elements that make up this type of activity becomes necessary.

• What is the Bandung Conference?

  The Conference met to address common concerns about anti-colonial nationalism, self-determination, non-interference, and other issues.

• What is the Pact of Steel?

  Military and political alliance between Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy. It promised that no nation would seek a separate peace or armistice.

• What is the Munich Agreement?

  Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy signed the Munich Agreement, allowing Nazi Germany to annex the Sudetenland region to the west of Czechoslovakia.

• What is the Atlantic Charter?

  The Atlantic Charter was a joint declaration by President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill.

• What is the Montreal Protocol?

  The Montreal Protocol is an international agreement designed to carry out efforts directed at the protection of the ozone layer.

• What is the San Francisco Conference?

  It was a convention with representatives of 50 countries, held from April 25 to June 26, 1945 in San Francisco, that established the UN.

• What is the Yalta Conference?

  The Yalta Conference was the second of three conferences held during World War II between the leaders of the Big Three.

• How are countries classified according to their level of development?

  Questioning the term "developing" helps to obtain new, more accurate, and useful measurements or classifications for the contemporary world.

• What are the poorest countries in the world?

  And the reasons that led them to that terrible scenario.

• What is the Stockholm Convention?

  The Stockholm Convention or Protocol is a global treaty that aims to protect human health and the environment from the effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs).

• What are the 10 countries with the largest nuclear weapons?

  Around the world there are 13,100 nuclear weapons, of which a large part is concentrated in a few countries.

• Brezhnev Doctrine Doctrine of Limited Sovereignty or thesis of Internationalist Duty?

  The Brezhnev Doctrine or Limited Sovereignty Doctrine: term used by the United States and the Western media to define a policy outlined by Leonid Brezhnev.

• What is the Arab League?

  The League of Arab States or Arab League is an intergovernmental organization of 22 countries in Africa and Western Asia.

• What are public policies and how are they elaborated?

  Policies are intended courses of action devised in response to a perceived problem.

• What is it and what does the feminist theory look for in International Relations?

  Feminist theory in International Relations is characterized by being heterogeneous and by understanding that there are multiple and different international realities.

• What is perfect competition?

  Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure in which there is no direct competition between firms or sellers because there are a large number of sellers.

• The 5 countries with the highest number of immigrants

  United States: It is the main destination of international migrants since 1970.

• What is the Kyoto protocol?

  This instrument called for the reduction of the emissions of six greenhouse gases in a total of 192 countries.

• Is the world really overpopulated?

  The impacts and repercussions that high population density entails compel us to rethink efficient formulas to reduce the impact.

• Tehran conference: the first meeting of the ''Big Three''

  It was a meeting in 1943 between Stalin, Churchill, and Roosevelt in which they coordinated their military strategy against Germany and Japan in World War II.

• Who was Margaret Hilda Thatcher?

  Statesman. Prime Minister of Great Britain from the Conservative Party. Baroness. She is the first woman to hold this position, as well as the first woman to become Prime Minister of a European State.

• What is multilateralism?

  Multilateralism can only be understood within the context in which it exists, this is the historical structure of the world order.

• What is Proxenia?

  Diplomatic negotiations were maintained through the Pimps, since the embassies of another city went first to their pimp.

• What is the clash of civilizations?

  Civilization is the highest cultural grouping of people, the broadest level of cultural identity possessed by peoples and the factor that distinguishes them.

• What is Hawala?

  Every year, millions of dollars move around the world through an anonymous exchange system created centuries ago.

• What is the International Monetary Fund?

  The IMF is the main forum for examining not only national economic policy from a global perspective, but also issues that affect the stability of the international monetary and financial system.

• What is The Bush Doctrine?

  The doctrine is based on preventive war, which refers to the "use of force against mere suspicion of possible attacks", coupled with the right to self-defense in cases that are considered fair.

• What is the Big Mac Index?

  The Big Mac index was created by the prestigious publication The Economist in 1986 as part of a cheerful guide to find out if the value of currencies was at its correct level.

• What is the Visegrad Group?

  The alliance has a historical origin in the Visegrad Pact of 1335, establishing a mutual non-aggression agreement between the kingdoms of Central Europe and collaboration on political and economic issues.

• What is the Trans-Pacific Agreement for Economic Cooperation (TPP)?

  The TPP intends to establish the guidelines to meet three general objectives: to generate economic growth, development and employment in the member countries and to become an Asia-Pacific Free Trade Agreement.

• What is Digital Diplomacy?

  With the health crisis, it became necessary to find new ways to digitally perform diplomatic and consular functions, and there is even talk of establishing embassies in the metaverse.

• What is a customs agent?

  The customs agent represents importers and exporters before the SAT, in order to carry out the clearance of their merchandise and verify their customs logistics.

• What is the digital gap?

  It is considered that there are three digital divides, which have evolved as new technologies have been incorporated into society itself.

• What was the Islamic Revolution in Iran?

  The first implementation of radical Islamist principles as a state doctrine occurred in 1979 in Iran, a country that, unlike most of its counterparts in the Middle East, has a long past and a distinguished national identity.

• What is the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)?

  In the Latin America and Caribbean region, one of the key institutions in the cooperation process has undoubtedly been the Inter-American Development Bank.

• What is a Smart Village?

  The technological development of the territories should not only be limited to smart cities.

• What is the Nagoya Protocol?

  The Nagoya Protocol on access to genetic resources and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from their use of the Convention on Biological Diversity.

• What is IFAD?

  IFAD primarily invests in the rural population, empowering them to increase their food security, improve family nutrition, and increase their incomes.

• What was the cold war?

  In the middle of the 20th century, a new world order was configured that reformulated the field of International Relations, which marked the transition from a multipolar world to a bipolar world.

• What are commodities?

  Traditional examples of commodities include grains, gold, beef, sugar, oil, and natural gas.

• What is the Istanbul Convention?

  It is an international treaty to help combat violence against women and girls.

• Who was Fernando Maximiliano José María de Habsburgo-Lorena (Maximiliano I)?

  Formally set foot in Mexico, on May 28, 1864, he disembarked in the port of Veracruz, this is how he would become the Emperor of Mexico, adopting the name of Maximilian I.

• What are the Treaties of Rome?

  The Treaties of Rome are considered the founding acts of the European Community, which would lead to an integration process and form the European Union.

• What is migration?

  Since ancient times, the human being has been characterized by being in constant circulation from one place to another. The reasons for that displacement may vary.

• What is the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)?

  UNIDO promotes and accelerates the industrial development of developing countries while fostering cooperation among the over 170 member states of the organization.

• Who was Gilberto Bosques?

  He supported Lebanese with Mexican passports and Spanish refugees seeking to flee from the Nazis.

• What is the arms trade?

  The global arms trade grows exponentially as a result of major international conflicts. What are its implications?

• What is poverty?

  Poverty and its evolution are related to a series of factors, such as economic growth, economic policy, social mobility, etc.

• What is a tax haven?

  Tax havens also often limit public disclosure about companies and their owners.

• What does terra nullius mean?

  Beginning in the 17th century, terra nullius denoted a legal concept that allowed a European colonial power to take control of "empty" territory that none of the other European colonial powers had claimed.

• What is national security?

  National security is an ancient concept that has generated different meanings throughout history.

• What is the International Court of Justice of the United Nations?

  The International Court of Justice is the only universal jurisdiction with general competence governed by a Statute that is an integral part of the Charter of the United Nations.

• What is the International Olympic Committee?

  For the Olympic Games to take place smoothly, the International Olympic Committee is responsible for creating, planning, and managing the competition.

• What is an alliance in International Relations?

  The agreement includes rules that seek to make international trade more inclusive, so that it is a tool that benefits citizens more clearly.

• What are the 10 countries with the largest lithium reserves?

  Lithium is considered the "mineral of the future". Do you know which countries have the largest reserves of this mineral?

• Which countries have the highest inequality in Latin America?

  Despite economic growth in recent years, wealth continues to be concentrated in a sector of society, a characteristic that has historically been common in Latin American countries.

• First National American Assembly

  On August 19, 1811, the Supreme National American Assembly was established under the leadership of Ignacio López Rayón.

• What is Social Darwinism?

  The positive scientific thought of the 19th century consolidated an ideology to justify power structures.

• What is Blitzkrieg?

  The main objective of Blitzkrieg is a rapid and forceful attack, avoiding a large-scale war.

• What is populism?

  The term populism has acquired different meanings and definitions over time.

• Who was Shinzo Abe?

  Born into a family with a prominent political background, Shinzo Abe was a leading politician for Japan.

• What is overproduction?

  Overproduction, also known as superproduction and underconsumption, can be divided into two types

• What is imperialism?

  In this new era of imperialism, the variety of manifestations leads us to question its impact and the implications for international relations in an increasingly interconnected world.

• What are Rainbow Cities?

  Through the exchange of experiences, collaborative work, and the discussion of public policies among local governments in over 40 Rainbow Cities around the world, the human rights of that community are promoted and protected.

• What is Forgiveness Diplomacy?

  Diplomatic apologies are mainly given in cases of high-level injustices or human rights violations.